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Nov 14, 2018
Happily there are now endless outstanding books and online courses to teach yourself to draw, and this is one of them.
Here
we have forty exercises across a range of subjects and mediums (pen and
ink to crayon). Actually, one of my favourite lessons from the book is
not one of these exercises but a piece of advice that comes right at the
beginning: How to fight procrastination.
We all have these great plans to set aside a day a week or an hour a day to practice drawing, but it never happens –
Happily there are now endless outstanding books and online courses to teach yourself to draw, and this is one of them.
Here
we have forty exercises across a range of subjects and mediums (pen and
ink to crayon). Actually, one of my favourite lessons from the book is
not one of these exercises but a piece of advice that comes right at the
beginning: How to fight procrastination.
We all have these
great plans to set aside a day a week or an hour a day to practice
drawing, but it never happens – something always gets in the way. I have
no idea where that inertia comes from, because once I actually start
drawing the time flies by in pure enjoyment of the process. But the key
is how to get to actually sitting at the desk with a pencil in your
hand?
Edwards says forget about timetabling drawing time. Instead
just set a minimum goal which she calls the ‘two minute miracle.’ The
idea is that you set yourself tiny, easily-achievable goals whereby you
coax yourself, kind of trick yourself, into starting to draw. So you say
to yourself, ‘Ok, I’m only going to look at what the next exercise is.’
‘Ok, I’m just going to lay in the edges of the drawing.’ And before you
know it you’ve already started putting pencil to paper, and then it’s
easy to forget all those pressing excuses to do anything else but.
It
reminds me of some exercise advice I saw, where a gym instructor said
the same kind of thing about setting minimum goals: Just turning up to
the gym, even if you sit there and read a paper for 20 minutes, is a
good start. Before long once you find you’re actually there it’s so much
easier to start exercising.
The exercises I found most useful were:
Drawing upside down
This
is straight copying an upside-down drawing (it works better with line
drawings), which really forces you to look at the relationship between
lines and shapes, to look at negative space, and ignore all those
‘symbols’ floating around in your brain and making inaccurate shortcuts
in your drawing. This really helps you to ‘unlearn’ what you think you
know and draw what’s really there.
Drawing negative space
This
concentrates on just drawing the negative space around a chair and a
bunch of flowers in a vase, leaving the flowers themselves blank. This
reminder to look at negative space is useful because you often forget,
even when in the ‘trance-like’ drawing mode, to stop concentrating on
discrete objects and look at everything as being equally worthy of
consideration. Plus when you concentrate on negative space it does make
your drawings more vivid, ‘drawing that emphasize negative spaces are a
pleasure to look at, perhaps because the compositions are strong
(emphasis on negative space always improves composition) and the spaces
and shapes are unified.’
Drawing the head in profile
‘Eye
level to chin is the same distance as back of the eye to the back of the
ear.’ Drawing profiles is good for practising edges, spaces and
relationships. Good to use negative spaces when you run into trouble.
And when ‘drawing the hair, squint your eyes to see the larger
highlights and the shadows. Avoid drawing symbolic hair – repeated
parallel or curly lines. Hair forms a shape, focus on drawing that
shape.’
Edwards herself says that she found one of the most useful to be this one:
Pure contour drawing
Sit
at a table, with your pencil in hand on the sketchpaper. Now turn in
your seat 90 degrees away from the paper (so that you can’t see your
drawing) and look at the palm of your other hand. Concentrate on drawing
the line on one square inch in the palm of your hand.
She says
that this is the most efficient way for preparing the brain for visual
tasks. The verbal, system-based ‘left’ side of the brain switches off at
such a boring task, allowing the visual ‘right’ side of the brain to
take over.
I have a different, but related, way of doing the
same thing: I begin my drawings with my non-drawing hand (which is my
right, as I’m left handed). This takes so much concentration in basic
motor control that I kind of phase out anyway, and I’m left with an
interesting sketch I can refine with my drawing hand afterward.
Drawing on the picture plane
This
one is for those who haven’t got the hand of foreshortening yet, and
probably of great use to beginning or younger students. You balance a
hard, transparent plastic sheet on your non-drawing hand, then use a
wipeable marker to draw your hand as you see it directly onto the
plastic sheet. Then place the completed drawing on a white background so
you can see it properly.
Foreshortening and the picture plane
are concepts that are like a switch, they seem incomprehensible till you
grasp the idea and then once you have the epiphany it’s just a matter
of refining your skill.
On the cover it says this books is
‘guided practice in the five basic skills of drawing.’ What are they,
according to Betty Edwards?
1 Edges
Contours. She defines
‘contours’ in the beginning as ‘a line that represents the shared edges
of shapes, or shapes and spaces.’ What a lay person would call
‘outlines.’
2 Spaces
Meaning ‘negative spaces,’ instead of looking at the table legs, try and draw the shape of the space between the table legs.
3 Relationships
Perspective
(portraying three dimensions on a two dimensional surface) and
proportion (the size, location, or amount of one element in relation to
another).
4 Light and shadow
At a basic level, this is
‘shading,’ using light to bring out the three dimensional portrayal of
the subject. Can also mean the communication of time, atmosphere and
mood. In traditional art instruction there are four aspects of light and
shadow: Highlights (the lightest lights), cast shadows (the darkest
darks), reflected lights (not as light as the highlights) and crest
shadows (the shadow that falls between the highlight and reflected
light, not as dark as cast shadow).
5 ‘Gestalt’
‘The
“thingness†of the thing.’ This one is perhaps a bit difficult to
explain eloquently, but I think is actually the most essential element,
especially in heavily stylised drawing. Does this drawing convey the
essential qualities of a bicycle, a koi carp or Albert Einstein? This is
what I love about illustration, in that true masters can capture their
subject with just a few strokes of the pen.
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